Italy. Medal of the II National Congress of the MSI. Rome 1949. II Congresso Nazionale.

The Italian Social Movement (Movimento Sociale Italiano, abbreviated MSI), later named the Italian Social Movement-National Right, was an Italian political party with a neofascist or post-fascist ideology. It was formed in 1946 by followers of the former Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, primarily from the experience of the Italian Social Republic. By the 1960s, the party had become the fourth-largest in Italy. The MSI provided local and occasionally national support to the Christian Democracy party in the 1940s and 1950s. In the early 1960s, the party lost its relevance in Italian politics, but regained some influence in the 1980s.

The MSI derived its name and ideals from the Italian Social Republic (RSI), created by Benito Mussolini in 1943, under the protection of Nazi Germany; the dominant party in the RSI, the Republican Fascist Party (PFR), inspired the creation of the MSI, which was also seen as the successor to the PFR and the National Fascist Party (PNF). The MSI was formed by veterans and leaders of Fascist Italy. However, the party sought to modernize and revise fascist doctrine in a more moderate and sophisticated direction.

The party eventually transformed into National Alliance (AN) in 1995.